Crystalline silica (silica) is an abundant mineral found in many natural earth products such as sand, clay, stone, gravel, mortar and concrete and the majority of different rocks including marble, granite, limestone, slate and quartz. Silica dust is generated when these products are modified, either naturally or through mechanical processes, through methods such as crushing, sawing, sanding, polishing, drilling, cutting etc. These processes can produce silica particles so small that they can be inhaled deep into the lungs. These miniscule particles are called Respirable Silica dust particles and can cause detrimental health issues and fatal lung damage (Silicosis). Silicosis results in scar tissue development within the lungs which can have significant impacts on lung function.

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A Queensland Coal Mine Workers Health Assessment, or more commonly known as a Coal Board Medical, is a health surveillance tool performed as part of the Coal Mine Workers Health Scheme (CMWHS) on all coal mine workers (prospective and current) for the detection of Pneumoniosis or Black Lung. A CMWHS assessment is required for any Coal Worker seeking employment or currently employed within a Queensland Coal Mine. CMWHS Medicals are required upon entry into the coal mining industry with review required at least once every five years.

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Mine rescue operations may be physically and psychologically challenging and often require rescue personnel to operate in undesirable conditions. ERT personnel may encounter environments with toxic atmospheres and poor ventilation and therefore may be required to wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to safely execute mines rescue operations, increasing the risk of heat stress. ERT Personnel may also be burdened by a number of hazards and exposures.

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Health surveillance, or biological monitoring, involves systematic health monitoring of employees with increased exposure to hazardous substances. This health monitoring is implemented for the early detection of negative impacts or health changes as a result of increased exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace. It can assist employers and medical practitioners to identify where intervention or control measures are required to minimise impacts on employee health.

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